Canadian Ivory Inc.

Walrus and Narwhal Tusks

Index - Materials For Sale

bulletWhat I offer for sale
bulletWalrus Tusk
bulletNarwhal Tusk
bulletMuskox Horn
bulletPolar Bear
bulletWhale Baleen
bulletWhale Vertebrae
bulletWhale Teeth
bulletMammoth Tusk
bulletIvory Art
bulletWorking with Ivory
bulletRegulations
bulletContact Us
bulletLinks

What we offer for sale

Walrus ivory is available through Canadian Ivory as whole tusks or pieces of varying sizes and shapes. We offer ivory for the carver, knife maker, jeweler, scrimshander, furniture maker and wood worker in either a natural or polished finish. Then there are just as many who appreciate the tusk itself as a natural art form without any processing. Whatever the need, there is a wide selection of this material available.

As the seasons allow, we can also supply narwhal tusk whole or by the piece, walrus, narwhal and polar bear skulls and walrus oosik (walrus baculum or penis bone,) muskox horns, whale baleen, teeth and vertebrae.  Newly added is Ivory Art.

We guarantee these materials. If your order does not meet your expectations, return it right away and we will refund the purchase price. All you're out is the shipping charges.

 For sales or pricing info, contact us at info@canadianivory.com

 

Walrus Tusks - Odobenus rosmarus

Example of  Walrus tusks: 
large outer pair - male tusks with natural finish, 1.8 kg (4 lbs) each, 58 cm (23"); 
Middle pair - male tusks polished 1.05 kg (2.3 lbs) each, 48 cm (18");
Inner pair - female tusks polished 0.50 kg (1.1 lbs), 38 cm (15")

 

Walrus tusks arise from two modified canine teeth. They tend to be oval in cross section. The composition in cross section consists of an outer cementum layer. Within that layer lies the dentine. The dentine in turn is divided into  an outer primary dentine, which has a classical ivory appearance, and then within that layer a secondary dentine, which has an intriguing marbled appearance. It is the presence of this secondary dentine that is characteristic of walrus ivory and differentiates it from other animals. 

Lastly, at the base of the tusks is the conical pulp cavity. The pulp cavity includes connective tissue and odontoblastic cells which are responsible for the formation of new dentine. The size and ultimate shape of the pulp cavity varies from animal to animal but is similar between the 2 tusks of the same animal. Typically the cavity is 2.5 - 4 cm (1 to 1.5”) in depth, but can range from only 1 - 8 cm (0.5 to 3”). 

Fine longitudinal black cracks occur in the cementum of walrus tusks and on into the outermost portion of the primary dentine. These ‘breathing cracks’ are more common on larger tusks, on the outer rather than the inner side of the tusk and occur only outside the gum line. 

The surfaces of the tusks aren’t always absolutely flat. They can naturally grow in a convoluted shape with longitudinal dips and grooves which can enhance some applications. 
 

Tusks are formed on both the male and female walrus. The males tend to produce heavier set, more impressive tusks than the females. Their size lends them to larger sculptures and applications where larger piece size is an issue. A common size for males is 1.0 - 1.4 kg (2 to 3 lbs) with a length of 40 cm (16”) and a base cross section of 3 by 6 cm (1.25 by 2.5”). The female tusks are more slender and have less taper going from the base to the tip. Typically the length of female tusks is similar to a male but the base is more round than oval, say 4 cm (1.5”) diameter, and the weight runs 0.5 to 1.0 kg (1 to 2 lbs.)

 

Walrus Skulls

Walrus skulls are impressive. A male skull will measure 30 to 35 cm (12 to 14”) in length (front to back) and weigh up to 10 kg (20 lbs) with the tusks. 

 

 

Walrus Oosik

Oosik is a dense bone popular for carving and knife handles. Typically they are 45 to 50 cm (18-20") in length and 2 to 4 cm (1-1.5") in diameter in the middle. There is only a small porous core that leaves plenty of thickness for carving or shaping. 

 

 

Walrus teeth

These teeth are located behind the primary tusks (behind the canine teeth). Ranging in size from 2 to 5 cm (1 to 2 1/2 ") long they are used for micro-carving, small scrimshaw and jewelry. In wood working they are used sliced in inlay or in mask making.
 

 

Narwhal Tusk - Monodon monoceros

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The narwhal tusk (see picture of cross section) is formed from a modified left upper incisor tooth. The tusk is a beautiful spiral of varying tones of white. Tusks usually occur on males only – rarely on  females. Very rarely there are double tusks on one male. The tusk consists of an outer cementum layer and one inside dentine layer. Inside the dentine is a pulp cavity that extends down most of the length of the tusk, narrowing in diameter and finally disappearing towards the tip of the tusk. Through history the narwhal tusk has been associated with the unicorn and has been associated with mystical properties. It was said for example in Viking days that a cup made from the tusk of a narwhal would save the owner from poisoning by his enemies. 

Skull of female narwhal showing 25 cm (10") residual tusk on the left side. This residual tusk resides within the skull and doesn't normally protrude - it does so here for the sake of the picture.
 

Male narwhal skull with tusk. Mandible shown in front of skull.

Cross section of narwhal tusk showing cementum and dentine layers with pulp cavity in the middle.  The relative diameter of the cavity depends on the animal age.  In older narwhal the cavity will all but disappear.



Muskox Horns - Ovibos moschatus

Horns available as pairs or singles. Muskox horn polishes to a translucent caramel colour with opaque white streaks. The pair in this picture measures 60 cm (24") from horn tip to horn tip and weighs 7.0 kg (15 lbs.) The single is much smaller at 1.8 kg (4 lbs.)

 
 

Polar Bear Skull - Ursus maritimus

Polar Bear skull shown measures 36 cm (14") long by 19 cm (8") wide.

Whale Baleen - Bowhead whale - Balaena mysticetus

Non-toothed whales have a number of baleen plates arranged as overlapping shingles. Along one edge hairs act as a sieve with which to extract food from the water. The plates are tapered from approximately 20 cm wide (8") and 1 cm thick (1/2") to a point and are up to 3 m (9 or 10') in length. The baleen also taper from the top to the bottom edge along the length.

The source of baleen is intermittent. Some northern communities are given a rare licence by Federal authorities to harvest a whale. Occasionally there is natural mortality found.

Baleen has a streaked dark grey coating over a jet black interior. Once used as stays in ladies' corsets of Victorian times, it was regarded as nature's plastic because there is some elasticity to thin pieces. It is used today in carvings or as accent pieces in carvings and also reverse scrimshaw (white on black). Baleen will take a high gloss with polishing.

It is regarded as Appendix 1 in CITES and is available in Canada only.

Whale Vertebrae

As you might expect from a 20m bowhead whale, these vertebrae are very large and heavy. They originated from Canada's Arctic. These have been used for carving or display. A chiropractor's dream. These vertebrae are CITES Appendix I. Available in Canada only.

 

Whale Teeth - Physeter macrocephallus

A limited number of whale teeth is available. These teeth have a long history for carving, scrimshanding and collecting. These teeth are CITES Appendix I and international trade is not possible. They were obtained in the 1970's, prior to trade bans being put in place. Available in Canada only.

 




Mammoth Tusk

Small amounts available for small crafts such as jewelry and carving. Nut colour outside with cream colour inside. Well cured. No permits required.

 

 


Ivory Art

Please contact us for current stock of hand made ivory artwork:

On left, Wolf pendant with a salmon at its feet. First Nations artist in traditional westcoast style. 5 x 10 cm (2 x 4") Abalone shell inlay on walrus ivory. $Canadian 495.

On the right, killer whale by same artist. 4 1/2 x 9 cm (1 3/4 x 3 1/2") Abalone shell inlay on mammoth ivory. $Cdn 495.
 

On left, Owl pendant with the Moon on its shoulder. Robert "Cymba" Vincent artist. 4 x 6 cm ( 1 1/2 x 2 1/2") Walrus ivory with abalone shell inlay around the moon, tiger eye in the owl eyes and Austrian glass in the moon eyes. $Cdn 375.

On the right, Hummingbird pendant. Same artist. 4 x 5 cm (1 1/2 x 1 3/4") Walrus ivory with abalone shell background with carnelian malachite; ebony backing. $Cdn 195.
 

On left, Frog pendant. Robert "Cymba" Vincent artist. 1 1/2 x 3 1/2 cm (3/4 x 1 1/2") Walrus ivory (tooth) with garnet eyes. $Cdn 95

On right, Flower Pendant. Same artist. 1 1/2 x 2 1/2 cm (3/4 x 1") Walrus ivory (tooth) with carnelian centre. $95.
 

 

 

Please click any of the Ivory Art images for a larger, more detailed version of the picture.


Working with Tusks

The ivory of walrus or narwhal can be worked with some standard woodworking tools. Where carving is considered the use of a ‘Dremel’ like tool works well. Carbide bits will serve longer than cheaper high speed steel ones and carbide bits are probably cheaper in the long run. Surfaces can take a high gloss with polishing compounds (use white – ‘White Diamond’) and a cloth wheel. Please take the normal precautions when working with ivory including eye protection, good ventilation and respiratory protection.


Regulations

The walrus and narwhal are primarily hunted for their meat by the Inuit of northern Canada. This hunt is regulated by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans and pilot projects are providing more local autonomy. The tusks provide a secondary resource and source of cash and are not the primary objective of the hunt. The tusks have historical significance in providing the medium for the creation of implements, toys and religious objects. Trade in this ivory and its ownership is legal within Canada. 

International trade of the tusks is possible and controlled by permit under the auspices of the ‘Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora’ (CITES). By international agreement, Canada can issue a CITES Export Permit which will be recognized by those other countries which allow such imports.  

The normal permit process commences with an application to Canadian CITES authorities for an Export Permit. When issued, that permit is faxed or emailed to the customer in order that an application can be made to the CITES authorities of the importing country for a CITES Import Permit. When the Import Permit is issued we can ship.

Notably the United States restricts imports of walrus and narwhal. We cannot ship to the United States. However mammoth tusk and muskox horn shipments to the U.S. have gone smoothly to date. No permits needed.

International trade of ivories has been managed through CITES through the 1970’s and 1980’s and for some such as with the elephant, international trade was halted from 1989. Since then trade of ivories already within a given country has been generally permitted, but with limits to fresh material and with thus a diminishing supply artisans and collectors have had to look to other non-endangered sources of ivory such as offered here. 

Ordering these Materials

If you’d like to order or for inquiries about pricing on any of these materials, please call or write:

Email: info@canadianivory.com

Canadian Ivory Inc.
Ron Gray, President
604-266-5472
Vancouver, B.C.

Number of visitors: 190047

 

Links of Interest:

www.lab.fws.gov/IVORY/text/what_is.html tusk morphology of tusked species 
www.shanewilson.com  sculptor of antlers
www.luth.org  making and repairing stringed instruments
www.cites.org/common/directy/e_directy.html   provides CITES contacts for imports
www.ukcites.gov.uk  describes the import process into the UK